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AboutTanveer padder

Tanveer A. Padder MD is a triple-boarded psychiatrist; Diplomat of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, American Board of Addiction Medicine and additional Certification in American Board of Clinical Psycho-pharmacology.He is a preeminent expert in Psych-opharmacology and has been awarded a Master Psycho-pharmacologist certification by Dr. Stahl’s Neuroscience Education Institute

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Introduction

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), commonly known as depression, is a mental health condition that affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities. It is not just sadness or a temporary “low mood.” Depression can interfere with your ability to work, sleep, eat, and enjoy life.

Incidence

Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions worldwide, affecting around 5% of the adult population each year. It can occur in anyone but is more frequent in women and those with a family history of depression.

Symptoms

Symptoms of MDD may include:

Persistent sadness or low mood most of the day.
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed.
Changes in appetite or weight (eating too much or too little).
Trouble sleeping (insomnia) or sleeping too much (hypersomnia).
Fatigue or lack of energy.
Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or hopelessness.
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.
Physical symptoms such as headaches or stomachaches.
Thoughts of death or suicide.

These symptoms usually last two weeks or more and significantly affect your daily life.

Treatment

MDD is treatable with a combination of the following approaches:

Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps you identify and change negative thought patterns.
- Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): Focuses on improving personal relationships and coping skills.
Medications
- Antidepressants: Such as SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline), SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine), or others like bupropion or mirtazapine.
- Medications can take 4–6 weeks to show full effects.
Lifestyle Changes
- Regular exercise.
- Balanced diet.
- Good sleep hygiene.
- Stress management techniques.
Other Options (if needed)
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): For severe or treatment-resistant depression.
- TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation): A non-invasive brain stimulation therapy.
- Ketamine or Esketamine (Spravato): For rapid relief in severe cases.