Introduction
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It affects attention, self-control, and impulsivity, making it difficult to focus, stay organized, and manage daily tasks. While children with ADHD are often labeled as “hyperactive” or “distracted,” the condition also affects emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships.
Incidence
ADHD is estimated to affect 5-7% of children worldwide, with around 2-5% of adults continuing to experience symptoms into adulthood. It is more commonly diagnosed in boys during childhood, but girls and women often go undiagnosed due to differences in symptom presentation.
Symptoms
ADHD symptoms are divided into two main categories:
- Inattention:
- Difficulty sustaining focus on tasks or activities.
- Forgetting tasks or losing items like keys or homework.
- Procrastination and poor time management.
- Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:
- Constant fidgeting or restlessness.
- Difficulty staying seated or waiting in line.
- Blurting out answers or interrupting others.
These symptoms significantly impact school, work, and relationships.
Treatment
ADHD treatment includes a combination of strategies:
- Medications:
- Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) are the most effective and widely used.
- Non-stimulant options (e.g., atomoxetine, guanfacine) may be preferred in certain cases.
- Therapy:
- Behavioral therapy helps individuals develop organizational and coping skills.
- Parent training is also beneficial for managing children’s symptoms.
- Lifestyle Modifications:
- Regular physical activity, structured routines, and healthy sleep habits.
